Thursday, February 20, 2020

Why New Factions Have Risen


The political elites of both parties have been able to control their party’s presidential nominees for nearly 50 years. They have used their financial resource as well as their media connections to ensure that the candidates they supported won their parties nomination. The candidates they typically supported were moderate and chosen because they would not upset the status quo. In 2016 the established political elite for the Republican party failed at electing a moderate and instead controversial Donald Trump was chosen as the nominee. Despite many of the established backed candidates spending more money and having more endorsements, Donald Trump was able to still clinch the nomination. Many famous republicans publicly claimed that Donald Trump was harmful to the republican party, but even this failed to stop Donald Trump. In 2020 the political elite in the Democratic party are struggling to get a moderate candidate they back elected. Bernie Sanders is the clear front runner to win the Democratic nomination for president, but he is disliked by most of the established Democratic Party. They view him as to radical and has been criticized by famous democrats such as Hilary Clinton. Both Donald Trump and Bernie Sanders have been able to defeat the established political elite who have had power in the party for decades. They have been able to do this through strengthening ignored factions in the party through new media. Donald Trump appealed to a faction of the Republican party that felt ignored by the traditional party elite, but through the power of social media Trump could contact these voters directly. The rise of social media has allowed candidates to bypass traditional media who may alter the candidate’s message and directly contact their base. Bernie Sanders has used social media to activate a more liberal faction of the democratic party who have felt oppressed by the democratic elites. Technology that allows for candidates to directly contact voters has led to the traditional party factions losing power and new more radical factions gaining that power.
              In 2010 Koger, Masket, and Howell published “Cooperative Party Factions in America” which analyzes how factions in political parties share information with one another. Their findings demonstrate that political parties do not share information with other political parties, but the factions inside of political parties are willing to share information with one another. The data that the authors presents also demonstrates that there are factions in each party that are more central to the sharing of information than others. In the Democratic party the more central factions are the major party committee’s which dominate the information sharing. The more liberal factions such as the New Yorker are still involved in information sharing, but they aren’t as central as the more traditional parts of the party. For the Republican party the factions that dominate information sharing are the national committee and the national review both factions are moderate. The more socially conservative factions such as the Citizen Leader Coalition are not very involved in information sharing within the party. Factions inside the political parties are willing to share information, but the established and traditional factions’ control most of the information sharing.
              This article demonstrates that dominant factions inside of political parties tended to be more traditional and more moderate. It also demonstrates that there are more ideologically extreme factions that are being exclude from the party by the more traditional factions. These are factions that Donald Trump and Bernie Sanders appeal to who have developed a resentment towards the traditional elites. Both politicians have been able to bypass traditional media and reached out directly to these factions using social media. These factions have increased their political involvement and become major factions in the party they belong to. This can be demonstrated through analyzing the factions in the Republican party. The National Review used to be the center of the Republican party information sharing and one of most powerful factions in the party. However, currently they are one of the few factions that still oppose Donald Trump and have failed to change with the new Republican party. With new technology candidates that are not supported by the established factions of the party are able to bypass the establishment and reach out directly to their supporters. This has shifted the power in each party as more traditional factions lose power and are replaced by outside factions that have been activated through more radical candidates.
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